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Advanced JAVA Interview Questions With Short Answers

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What is reflection in Java?
Answer: Reflection is a mechanism that allows a Java program to examine and modify its own structure and behavior at runtime.

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What is serialization in Java?
Answer: Serialization is the process of converting an object into a stream of bytes for storage or transmission over a network.

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What is a lambda expression in Java?
Answer: A lambda expression is a concise way to represent an anonymous function in Java.

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What is a functional interface in Java?
Answer: A functional interface is an interface that has exactly one abstract method and is used to represent a single method interface.

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What is a stream in Java 8?
Answer: A stream is a sequence of data elements that can be processed in parallel or sequentially.

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What is a CompletableFuture in Java 8?
Answer: A CompletableFuture is a class that represents a future result of an asynchronous computation in Java 8.

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What is a default method in Java 8?
Answer: A default method is a method in an interface that has a default implementation and can be overridden by a class that implements the interface.

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What is the diamond problem in Java?
Answer: The diamond problem is a situation that arises when a class inherits from two or more classes that have a common method with the same signature.

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What is the difference between a checked and unchecked exception in Java?
Answer: Checked exceptions must be handled or declared in the method signature, while unchecked exceptions do not need to be handled or declared.

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What is the difference between a stack and a heap in Java?
Answer: The stack is used to store method frames and local variables, while the heap is used to store objects.

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What is the purpose of the finalize() method in Java?
Answer: The finalize() method is called by the garbage collector before an object is removed from memory.

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What is the difference between a thread and a process in Java?
Answer: A thread is a lightweight process that runs within a process, while a process is an independent program that runs on a computer.

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What is the difference between a socket and a server socket in Java?
Answer: A socket is used to establish a connection between a client and a server, while a server socket is used by a server to listen for incoming connections.

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What is the difference between an applet and a servlet in Java?
Answer: An applet is a Java program that runs in a web browser, while a servlet is a Java program that runs on a web server.

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What is the difference between an inner class and a nested class in Java?
Answer: An inner class is a non-static class that is defined within another class, while a nested class is a class that is defined within another class, but can be static or non-static.

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What is the difference between a ConcurrentHashMap and a HashMap in Java?
Answer: A ConcurrentHashMap is a thread-safe implementation of a map, while a HashMap is not thread-safe.

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What is the difference between a try-with-resources and a try-catch-finally block in Java?
Answer: A try-with-resources block automatically closes resources that are used within the block, while a try-catch-finally block must explicitly close resources.

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What is the difference between an ArrayList and a LinkedList in Java?
Answer: An ArrayList is implemented as an array, while a LinkedList is implemented as a linked list.

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What is the difference between an interface and an abstract class in Java?
Answer: An interface can only contain abstract methods and cannot have any implementation, while an abstract class can contain both abstract and non-abstract methods.

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What is the difference between a daemon thread and a user thread in Java?
Answer: A daemon thread is a thread that runs in the background and is used to perform tasks such as garbage collection or logging, while a user thread is a thread that is created by a user program and performs tasks related to the program’s functionality. Daemon threads do not prevent the JVM from exiting, while user threads do.

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